Excavation report of Housanli Temple Site

I. Overview of the site of Housanli Temple

The site of Housanlimiao is located in the northeast of Housanlimiao Natural Village, Sanlimiao Village, Longgu Town, Peixian County, which used to be the coal gangue dump of Longdong Mine. In early April 2003, the Water Resources Bureau of Peixian County, in order to strengthen the Dashahe flood control levee, excavated soil in Longdong Mine spoil yard and found many ancient brick and stone tombs. After receiving the report, Peixian Museum quickly arrived at the scene, cleaned up the remains of the tomb, and sent all the gravestones with portraits to the museum for protection. Then, Xuzhou Museum and Peixian Museum jointly conducted a further investigation of the site. The investigation found that the site is a Han Dynasty platform site, the stone tomb was built on this platform. From the exposed section of excavation, the scale is very large, not only in Peixian and Xuzhou, but also in the whole province is extremely rare, and has important archaeological value. Subsequently, with the approval of Xuzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture and the Cultural Relics Department of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Museum and Peixian Museum jointly formed an archaeological team to rescue and excavate the site.

1. Excavation of Han Tombs

The tombs are located in the western part of the excavation area and were damaged during construction. According to the investigation, a total of 5 tombs were found, of which 4 were stone chambers and 1 was brick chambers. Stone tomb are pit, pit bottom stone coffin, one of the tomb stone on the portrait. The size of the stone coffin is approximately the same. It is 2.7 meters long, 0.7 meters wide, and 0.7 meters high. It is made of four stone slabs. The burial objects unearthed in the tomb are iron swords, copper belt hooks, "five zhu" coins, painted pottery and so on. There are four portraits in one stone-lined tomb, and the details of two unearthed tombs are unknown. Portrait carving is very meticulous, techniques are Yin line engraving, partial use of concave Yin line engraving. The content of the portrait is very rich, reflecting the real life, such as music and dance, acrobatics, fighting beasts, travel banquets, etc. The brick chamber tomb has been damaged. According to the analysis of the shape and structure of the four-seat stone-coffin tomb, the excavated artifacts and the carving techniques of the picture stone, the burial era of the brick chamber tomb was the Eastern Han Dynasty. These 5 tombs are very close to each other, and The Times are also close. They should be the same family, and the identity of the tomb owner should be the local rich gentry.

2. Excavation of high platform building ruins

Parts of the building site have been destroyed, and clear layers of ramming and shingles are visible on the cross section. A formal excavation was carried out in the middle part of the eastern side of the site which was not damaged.

The whole site is a high platform building site, high platform area is very large, estimated to be about 150 meters long from east to west, about 100 meters wide from north to south, height is not less than 5 meters. The south slope of the platform is a gentle slope with a slightly stepped shape, and the top is a platform. The building is located on the platform at the top of the ramming platform. The eastern part of the house has been damaged, but the overall shape is still relatively clear, roughly square or rectangular, the side length is about 35 meters, the building platform around the large rectangular brick slope protection. This kind of brick is about 70 long, 50 wide and 5 cm thick, the surface is decorated with rope pattern, the front is flat, the back is surrounded by a convex frame, and some have the engraved "stop" word in the middle. As a result of long - term rain erosion, southeast slope protection brick no longer exists. The southeast side (the building is not in a positive direction, with a roughly 45 degree Angle) remains about 20 meters long, and the extension to the southwest has been damaged by excavation; The northeast side of the remnant is about 15 meters long, and the northward extension has also been damaged by excavation. The northwest side may have been completely destroyed, and the southwest side only shows a corner connected to the western building protection. The western building slope protection can only see a small part of the south east, positive east-west, westward extension part has not been revealed; Its eastern end is connected with the south-western protection slope of the eastern building, turning to the south-east.

At present, there are few bricks found on the platform of brick slope protection, and they are not primary accumulation, but secondary erosion accumulation, and no crutches have been found. Building accumulation is basically located in the outer slope of the building protection within a range of about 15 meters. From the burial depth of the slope protection brick, its top is basically level with the ramming platform, the outer lower half is buried by rammed earth, and the building accumulation is basically located in the upper half, whose upper part is roughly level with the top of the slope protection brick. From the accumulation of building materials, it can be divided into three layers. The excavated objects are basically construction materials, and the utensils for daily use are almost absent. Construction materials are mainly cylindrical tile, tile, tile and so on. Bobbin tile, tile surface have rope pattern. The tiles are all plain half. Also found were pointed, house-shaped building materials of ominous use, as well as small fragments of solid brick.

Second, the analysis of the relic phenomenon of Housanli Temple site

According to historical records and local records, this area for the Han and Wei period of Huling County. Huling already had a city in the Warring States Period, Huling County was established in the Western Han Dynasty, Huling County was changed into Hulu in the time of Wang Mang, and Huling County was established in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the end of the Northern Dynasty, the counties and counties were abandoned. But the site had existed for a long time. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Yan Ermei passed the Lake mausoleum many times and wrote many poems about it. Huling City has a close relationship with Surabaya City, which is located on the banks of Surabaya. Ming Dynasty, also had in the lake Ling city side Surabaya built lake Ling city gate.

A flood in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty buried all these historical relics underground, and the specific location of Huling City also became a historical mystery. During the Xianfeng period, the Yellow River burst and the Fengpei area became a vast ocean. The local residents had to abandon their homes and flee. The flood did not recede until many years later, and the earth's surface was covered with several meters of thick silt. The original traces were almost unrecognizable. And then the Juye area of Shandong refugees moved in large numbers, they know nothing about the original local situation. According to relevant records, Huling City in the Cheng Zi Temple area, when it is credible, but the specific location is not clear. From the strata accumulation of the Later Sanlimiao site, there is a layer of silt layer about 4 meters thick in the upper part of the site, under the silt layer is the architectural site of the Han Dynasty. On the surface of the site, there are a few scattered black porcelain bowls, blue and white porcelain pieces, bricks and so on from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, a small tomb from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was found, which was broken into ruins of Han Dynasty buildings but buried under silt. It can be seen that the upper silt layer was indeed formed during the Xianfeng period.

From the surface of the site, it has been washed by rain for a long time. From the direction of the water flow, it should flow from the middle of the platform to the four sides, so that the top of the platform has been uneven, sloping to the four sides, and the lower places around have been soaked by water for a long time. In addition, from the perspective of the accumulation of the cultural layer of the site, it is very simple. Except for the cultural layer of the Han Dynasty, there is no cultural layer of other periods. Except the relics of the Han Dynasty, the relics of other periods are only scattered. This shows that after the abandonment of this architectural site, the nearby area basically no people live, the site is basically not man-made damage.

Iii. Characteristics of the site of Housanli Temple

Although Peixian was the hometown of the Han emperor, almost all the relics and relics were buried underground due to its location in the Yellow River. The Han Dynasty tombs are only found in Huashan Mountain. The Later Sanli Temple site is the second complete Han Dynasty relic found in Peixian. The site consists of Han Dynasty tombs and architectural ruins. Although the number of Han tomb group is not large, the burial scale is small, and the excavated burial goods are few, but the structure is complete, and the excavated stone sculpture is exquisite, the carving techniques are mainly Yin line engraving, the local use of concave carving plus Yin line engraving, this method is rarely found in Xuzhou area, the portrait content is very rich, which is in sharp contrast to other hafnium stone in the late Western Han Dynasty simple content.

The site of the high platform building is an important discovery of this excavation. Large-scale architectural relics of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou used to be found only in the underground ruins of Jindi Commercial Capital in the urban area. However, the nearby Jindi Commercial Capital is where the offices of all dynasties were located. The overpressure damage of the relics is very serious, and the architectural relics are incomplete. It can be said that the discovery of the architectural site of the Later Sanli Temple fills the archaeological blank of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou and even the whole Jiangsu Province. After comprehensive analysis, the architectural site of Housanli Temple has the following main characteristics:

First, it has a large scale; second, it is well preserved; third, it has a unique architectural form and structure; fourth, it has a special shape; fifth, all the building materials are distinctive. The discovery attracted great attention from the news media, including Pengcheng Evening News, Wen Wei Po, Yangzi Evening News, Xuzhou TV Station, Jiangsu TV Station, Peixian TV Station and Peixian Radio Station. Xinhua News Agency issued a general article. It can be said that the discovery of the architectural site of Hou Sanli Temple fills the archaeological blank of Han Dynasty in Xuzhou and even Jiangsu Province.