Investigation and exploration report of Hulingcheng Site in Peixian County

Xuzhou Museum

Huling City Site is located at the junction of Sanlimiao Village and Qianchengzi Village, Longgu Town, Pei County, and Chengzimiao Village, Zhanglou Town, Weishan County, Shandong Province (Figure 1, 2). It existed as a local administrative division for nearly one thousand years from the Spring and Autumn period to the Liu Song Dynasty's Gaoping County, and the provincial lakes and lands into the Fang and the end. There are also many records in the historical books about the city of Huling. "Geographical Records of Han Dynasty" : "Huling belongs to Shanyang County"; "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty · The Annals of the County" : "Huling is lake land, Emperor Zhang's name was changed"; Annals of the Territory of The Three Kingdoms: "The name of the Lake Mausoleum began in the Qin Dynasty and was thus adopted in the Han Dynasty. Wang Mang changed the name to Hu Lu, and the Eastern Han Dynasty Xing, still restored the old name ". In the Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, Huling County was abolished and incorporated into Fanghe County (now Yutai). So far, Huling City no longer exists as an independent administrative division, but the cities still exist. After the middle period of Ming Dynasty, the ancient city collapsed due to the yellow water in the 44th year of Jiajing. In the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River broke its banks and Peifeng was flooded, so far Huling City completely annihilated underground.

The archaeological survey and exploration of Huling City is one of the subjects of "Investigation and Protection of Han Dynasty City Site Resources in Jiangsu". The exploration work will be carried out from March 1, 2013 to April 20, 2013. The report of the investigation and exploration is as follows:

I. Geographical environment and preliminary work of Huling City

In ancient times, Horeung City was the place where Surabaya, Hesui, Rong, Samut and other rivers converge. It is convenient for water and land transportation, but many rivers have been silted up due to yellow flooding. The present Hucheng Mausoleum site is adjacent to Weishan Lake and Dasha River runs through Dongxie City. Except for a few villages, the site area is covered by large wheat fields. Basically no trace can be found on the surface, but the underground wall outline is well preserved.

Prior to this formal exploration, several surveys have been carried out on the Hulingcheng site. In 2003, an archaeological excavation was carried out in the southeast corner of Nancheng, and part of the city wall remains and a large platform building foundation were found, as well as 5 tombs of the late Western Han Dynasty. Through this excavation, some preliminary understanding of the Hucheng Mausoleum was obtained. In the later period, the general position of Huling City, the structure of the city wall and other basic information were basically understood through multiple investigations.

Ii. Archaeological exploration of the city site

The purpose of this exploration is to find out the distribution of the wall (moat), the wall structure, the depth and level of the cultural accumulation, and the extent and shape of other ruins. In the actual exploration, the method of exploring the width of the long distance ruins such as walls and moats is adopted, that is, to drill a probing hole every 5 meters perpendicular to the trend of the ruins, and explore a width every 100-200 meters until the exploration is complete. The more definite probing holes in the remaining walls can be widened appropriately, and the corners of the walls, gates and other important architectural relics can be explored with secret probing holes. In order to facilitate the accuracy of exploration data and provide convenience for further work in the future, the site of Jimingtai (now Hulingsi) in the east of Beicheng is taken as the permanent base point, and the central coordinates of the site are 34.5545° north latitude and 116.4958° east longitude.

Through exploration, Huling City is composed of two cities in the north and south, separated by the ancient Sishui Road. The central coordinates of the North City site are 34.5576° north latitude and 116.4930° East longitude. The central coordinates of the South City site are 34.5485° north latitude and 116.4951° East longitude (FIG. 3).

(1) North City

1. Wall drilling

It is located on the north bank of the ancient Road of Sishui, north of Dingzhuang Village in front of Cheng Zi Village and northwest of Village after Cheng Zi Miao. According to the village elders, in the 1950s, the north city Wall and the east City Wall area were still about 1 meter above the ground, and the path near the east City Wall is still called "City Wall Road", which provides an important reference for field exploration. The whole of the North City is now buried below the surface, but there is still a lot of ginger stone and a few bits of brick on the surface along the wall. After exploration and confirmation, the site plane is irregular square, except for the north, east and west three sides of the wall is straight, the west wall slightly protrudes outward, the four corners of the wall is rounded. The measured total perimeter of the city wall is 3,345 meters and the area is about 730,000 square meters. The middle wall is 805 meters long, the west wall is 900 meters long, the south wall is 920 meters long and the north wall is 720 meters long.

The west wall starts from the northwest corner in the north and ends at the corner of the Sishui Ancient Road on the northwest side of Dingzhuang in the south. The middle part of the wall projects slightly to the west, and the overall direction is about 23° to the southwest (the connecting line between the north and the south corners). At present, the whole section of the city wall is buried below the surface, but the underground wall is well preserved, and the ground surface can be seen with ginger stone and broken tiles. In some sections, the rammed earth can be seen under the cultivated soil layer, which is only 25 cm away from the surface. The measured wall width is about 20 meters, the piled depth of rammed earth is 0.3 -- 6.5 meters, the base width of the wall is about 20 meters, and the base trough depth is 0.8 -- 1 meter. About 200 meters away from the northwest corner of the city wall, a 10×2 meter trench was dug by using the original east-west channel. Due to the high groundwater level in this area, the trench depth was about 1.8 meters. It can be seen from the trench section that the underground wall is completely exposed. The collapse of the underground wall is high in the middle and slow on both sides due to the water impact. The highest point in the middle is only about 25 cm from the surface. The southwest corner of the city was badly damaged in the early years, and now it is a reservoir that cannot be drilled temporarily. A large number of debris tiles turned up during the excavation of the reservoir are scattered on the ground around it. From the direction of the wall and field drilling, it is known that the corner of the city should be rounded.

The North Wall starts from the northwest corner in the west, crosses the Longcheng Highway, and reaches the North Road (commonly known as "City Wall Road") in the east of Chengzimiao Village (Shandong Province). The whole is linear, 720 meters in length, and the total direction is about 15° east by south. The preservation condition of the wall is similar to that of the west wall, which is buried below the surface. Along the wall towards the surface, ginger stone and broken tiles can be seen. The traces of rammed earth can be clearly seen on several north-south ditches across the city wall. In the north, the silt layer is 7-8 meters thick and the water table is high, so the drilling in this section has not reached the raw soil level. The deepest drilling depth is about 7.5 meters away from the surface, and the actual width of the detected wall is about 20 meters, which is speculated to be consistent with the west wall.

In the north of the east wall, it starts from the northeast corner of the city wall, along the north path of Chengzimiao Village to the south to the Chengzimiao Village. In the southwest corner, it is about 50 meters to the south of the ancient Road of Sishui, and about 300 meters to the east of Jimingtai Ruins (now Huling Temple). The north path of Chengzimiao Village is called "City Wall Road" by local people. The current road width is about 3 meters, and a large amount of ginger stone and broken tiles are scattered on the surface and in the ditches on both sides. The drilling results show that the whole road is basically above the wall of the East City. The total length of the eastern city wall is about 800 meters, and the overall direction is 10° south by west. The wall is about 18 meters wide and the base is about 19 meters wide.

The south wall starts from the southeast corner of the city wall in the east, crosses the Longcheng Highway, and ends in the west at the corner of the old Sishui Road in the northwest of Dingzhuang. It runs parallel to Sishui basically, and its section is about 50 meters away from the north bank of Sishui. The total length of the exploration is about 920 m, and the general direction is about 15° by west. The section from the southeast corner of the city wall to Chengzimiao Primary School is about 350 meters under the pressure of the current residential houses and cannot be drilled. The section from the west of the school to the southwest corner of the city wall is poorly preserved. The highest point of rammed earth accumulation is nearly 2 meters away from the present surface, and the rammed earth cannot be continuously connected, but the whole is still in a straight line. The detection wall is about 18 meters wide, and the base of the wall is about 19 meters wide. The overall preservation condition of the southern wall is worse than that of the other three walls. Because it is adjacent to the Sishui River, it is the most vulnerable to the flood impact of the river and the most seriously damaged. It was found that the rammed earth for the south wall was obviously different from the other walls on the three sides. The rammed earth for the south wall was sandy, mixed with small snail shells and other materials, and did not contain ginger stone. It is speculated that the rammed earth for the south wall was taken from the adjacent Sishui River, which was widened and dredged while the wall was piled up.

2. Gate and moat exploration

Because the silt accumulation of the whole site area is about 7-8 meters thick, it creates a great obstacle to accurate drilling. During the field drilling, two city gates were found, one for the north city wall and one for the east city wall. The other city walls were damaged or pressed by villages, but no obvious city gate remains were found.

The North Gate is located in the middle part of the North city Wall, about 400 meters to the west from the Northwest corner, about 310 meters to the east from the northeast corner, and the Longcheng Highway runs through it 50 meters to the east. There is no trace of the gate on the surface. According to the old man, it is located in the original "gap" of the city wall, and there are 1-2 meters high wall sections on its east and west sides. After detection, the width of the gate is about 15 meters. Due to the thick silt, the location of the gate is basically the same as that of the "gap" in the city wall.

Dongcheng Gate is located in the southern section of the East City Wall, close to Chengzimiao Village, about 250 meters to the southeast corner in the south and 550 meters to the northwest corner in the north. The southern part of the detection gate is pressed by the modern river canal in the north of Chengzimiao Village, the width of which is about 20 meters. The measured gate in the north of the river canal is 10 meters wide. It is speculated that the actual width of the gate should be consistent with the north gate.

There are moats all around the north city of Huling City. Except for the natural river -- Sishui, which is used as moats on the south side, the other three sides are dug on flat ground and connected with Sishui. Due to active and thick silting, except for the southern moat, the specific orientation, width and depth of the remaining three sides are unknown. The southern moat is basically parallel to the southern city wall, with a distance of about 50-60 meters. The current river channel is 30-50 meters wide and flows into the present Dasha River to the east.

(2) South City

1. Wall drilling

The South City is located on the south bank of the ancient Sishui Road, south of Qianchengzi and Dingzhuang, and north of Yangzhuang, Chengjiao Wangzhuang and Hou Sanli Temple. The whole site is now buried below the ground, with little to be found on the surface except for ginger stone and a few bits of brick on either side of the river bank or ditch. The overall preservation condition is worse than that of the North City, and the ground environment is more complex. On the east side of the city site, the present Dasha River runs diagonally across the wall, and the bases on the south and north sides of the wall are pressed by the present villages. In particular, near the south wall, the Longdong Coal Mine Railway, Yangzhuang River and Dasha River intersect, making it impossible to carry out drilling work. After exploration, it is confirmed that the city site is nearly square in plan, and the four sides of the wall are relatively steep. The total circumference of the measured wall is 4,140 meters, and the area is about 1.04 million square meters, among which the west wall is 1,120 meters long, the south wall is 1,020 meters long, the east wall is 1,100 meters long and the north wall is 900 meters long.

The West Wall runs in a straight line from the northwest corner of the wall on the west side of Dingzhuang to 50 meters on the west side of Yangzhuang Bridge in the north, with a total length of about 1,120 meters and a total direction of 10° south by west. According to the drilling situation, the preservation condition of the city wall is worse than that of the north City, and there is almost no rammed earth remains such as ginger stone on the surface. The highest point of rammed earth detected is about 4-5 meters away from the surface, and it is mostly broken and cannot be connected, but it can be confirmed that the city wall is in a straight line. Several square slabs, 1.2 long and 0.25m thick, were excavated from the dredged river at the southwest corner of Yangzhuang Bridge. They are presumed to be building components of the corner. The detection wall is about 21 meters wide, the piled depth of rammed earth is 4.5 -- 6 meters, the thickness is 2 -- 2.5 meters, the base width of the wall is 22 meters, and the depth of the base trough is 0.5 -- 1 meter.

The North Wall starts from the northwest corner of the city wall, passes through the two villages of Dingzhuang and Qianchengzi, and reaches about 50 meters to the north of the old site of Qianchengzi Primary School in the east. The main part of the city wall is under the two villages and runs parallel to the ancient Sishui Road, about 50-80 meters away from the current river. The total length of the North Wall is 900 meters, and the total direction is about 15° to the west.

East Wall north from the northeast corner of the wall, diagonally across the Dashahe River, south to the northeast side of Housanlimiao village, and Dashahe intersection about 45 degrees. Its total length is about 1100 meters, and its general direction is about 10° south by west. Dasha River was originally the floodway of the Yellow River, and the yellow water finally burst its dikes and flooded again in the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, forming the current river. In the 1970s, a large scale widening of the river was carried out to build dikes, which damaged part of the wall foundation, and scattered a large number of materials and broken tiles on the dikes on both sides of the river. In 2003, an archaeological excavation was carried out in the southeast corner of the city. So far, it has been the most complete disclosure of the remains of Huling City, which was confirmed as the architectural remains of the corner. At present, the area south of Dashahe River, namely the southeast corner of the city and part of the east and south walls have sunk under water due to coal mining collapse. Only the part north of Dashahe River can be explored. The width of the east wall is about 19 meters and the width of the wall base is about 20 meters.

The surface environment of the whole south wall of the South Wall is extremely complicated. The east wall of Dashahe River has sunk under water due to collapse, and the west wall is under the pressure of Wangzhuang and Yangzhuang villages in Chengjiao, and the Longdong Coal Mine railway and Yangzhuang River intersect along the wall, making it difficult to carry out drilling work. From the drilling of the other three walls, it is inferred that the south wall also runs in a straight line, so the total length of the south wall is about 1000 meters, and the overall direction is 10° north by west.

2. Gate and moat exploration

According to the drilling results, the preservation condition of the South City is poor, with rammed earth piled up on the wall about 5 meters from the surface, and villages and factories gathered in the whole area of the city site, and railways and rivers intersected. The environment is complicated, and it is very difficult to accurately detect the remains of the moats and gates. However, it can be confirmed that the Sishui Ancient Road was used as the moat of the two cities. According to the drilling results, the piled properties of rammed earth for the north wall of the South Wall of the South Wall of the North City are the same as those of the south wall of the North City. They are sandy, relatively pure and light yellow brown. There is no ginger stone in the rammed earth, which is caused by the accumulation of soil taken from the Sishui River.

Stratum relation and wall structure

In order to understand the stratigraphic relationship and structure of the wall, the actual drilling results of the second row of boreholes in the middle section of the West Wall of Beicheng City were taken as an example to dissect the wall structure. The stratigraphic accumulation can be divided into 7 layers (Figure 4).

The first cultivated soil layer is grayish-brown, 0.2-0.25 meters thick, loose soil, including plant rhizomes, ginger stone, debris tiles, etc.

The second layer of silt, yellow brown, 0.2-1 meters from the surface, 0.4-0.8 meters thick, sandy, loose soil, relatively pure, does not contain inclusives.

The third layer is black brown, 1-1.5 meters away from the surface, 0.3-0.5 meters thick, is a clay, the texture is loose, not very pure, containing porcelain pieces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The fourth layer of silt, light yellow, is 1.5-2.7 meters away from the surface and 1-1.2 meters thick. It is sandy, loose and relatively pure, and fragmentary tiles can be seen in individual exploration holes.

The fifth layer is dark brown, 2.7-3.5 meters above the surface and 0.6-0.8 meters thick. Is a clay, loose texture, not very pure, containing ginger stone particles.

The sixth silt layer, earthy yellow, is 3.5-4.6 meters from the surface and 0.8-1.1 meters thick. It is sandy and the soil is hard. Brick fragments of Han Dynasty can be seen in the soil samples.

The seventh layer is grayish-brown, 4.6-5.7 meters above the surface and 1-1.1 meters thick. The soil is hard, the soil is mixed, containing brick fragments and brown - burned soil particles. Below this layer is yellow raw soil.

The section of rammed earth wall is curved, the highest in the middle, the lower to both sides, the highest is below the first floor, breaking the seventh floor, the wall base width is about 19 meters, the preservation of the highest about 6.5 meters. The composition of rammed earth is yellowish brown, containing braised earth, mixed with jaded shingles, material ginger stone, large stones and so on. The wall is built of ramming, the base of the wall has a flat base groove, the width of the trough is about 20 meters, the depth of 0.8-1 meters.

Iv. Main relics

(1) Relics

1. Remains of buildings in the southeast corner of Nancheng

The platform building base area is large, about 150 meters long from east to west, about 100 meters wide from north to south, about 5 meters high, from the site section clearly retained traces of tamping layer, tamping layer thickness 0.2-0.3 meters. The south slope of the platform is slightly stepped, and there is an architectural relic on the top platform. Part of the east side of the building was damaged, while the west side was not fully revealed due to other factors. However, the overall shape was relatively clear, which was a rectangle with a side length of about 35 meters. The slope was protected by large rectangular bricks around the building platform. Due to rain erosion, the building foundation in the east corner of the slope protection fence brick has no longer, the southeast side of the residual 20 meters, the southwest extension has been destroyed, the northeast side of the residual 15 meters, the northwest extension of basically no. It is speculated that it should be part of the southeastern corner wall of Nancheng.

The excavated relics are mainly piled up as building materials, and are mostly concentrated in a range of about 15 meters outside the slope protection of the building, mainly including fence tiles, cylinder tiles, slab tiles, tile tiles, etc. Bobbin tile, tile surface have rope pattern. The tile is plain face half tile, also found a pointed roof building material, and a small number of broken brick blocks.

2. Jimingtai Site

Jimingtai ruins are located about 300 meters east of the east city wall of Beicheng City, and about 150 meters away from the present Sishui Ancient Road. "Wanli thirteen years Tengxian Annals" volume five years: "rooster platform, in the northeast corner of the city of Huling"; "Yutai County Records · River Canal Article" contained: "Taiwan (Jiming Taiwan) in the southeast of the city of Huling." But from the field drilling, the position seems to be biased. Looking at the South city alone, Jiming Terrace is located in the north of today's Sishui and the northeast of the South City. The Tengxian Chronicle is correct. In the north of the city, chicken ringing Taiwan is in the southeast of the city. The "Huling City" of Teng and fish is actually not a city but different. Yutai County records: "The old legend Chu and Han fought here, each built a city. With Shahe as the boundary, Hannan Chu north, Chu people to art by ghost force night build. Han know, as Taiwan in the river east prolifera, people on its, for the crow to break its art, hence the name ", but the broken art of the said is false and false and cannot be verified. Many ancient cities have their own platforms. It is more reliable to speculate that this platform was used to observe the atmosphere, detect disasters or guide soldiers to drill.

Jimingtai Site is now "Huling Temple" with high terrain around it. The site is square with a side length of about 150 meters, which is about 1-2 meters higher than the surrounding area. Now it is covered by modern residential houses.

(2) Cultural relics

Unearthed relics are mainly pottery, other texture artifacts very few. The earthenware mainly consists of building components such as bricks and tiles, while the earthenware of daily life is mostly collected from the surface, which is badly broken and difficult to recover. Moreover, most of the earthenware types are difficult to distinguish.

1. Building materials

Railing brick for the southeast corner of the city unearthed. Clay gray pottery, brick face decorated with fine cord, plain bottom, brick face around the convex edge. Stump length 45, width 15, thickness 5 cm, edge height 5, width 4 cm (plate 1). The word "Left" is engraved in the middle of part of the brick surface (Figure 2, Figure 5).

Shingle clay gray pottery, are broken, mostly unearthed in the southeast corner of Nancheng. It can be divided into two forms:

Type Ⅰ : Lip mold round, with knife marks on the side end, tile head and body have obvious boundaries, tile head with three parallel concave strings, tile body decorated with fine rope pattern (Figure 6).

Type Ⅱ : serious damage, unknown edge shape, tile face decorated with fine rope, there are multiple section pattern truncated pattern (plate 3).

Cylinder tile type 2:

Type I: clay gray pottery, the lip surface is lower than the tile surface, the lip surface is plain, the tile surface is decorated with vertical lines of fine rope side, the inner surface has pitted lines, the side end of the knife marks are obvious (Figure 4).

Type Ⅱ : clay mixed sand brown pottery, the lip surface is the same height as the tile, the lip surface has a transverse concave string, the tile surface is decorated with fine rope pattern (FIG. 5).

Semicircular tile was excavated from the southeastern corner of Nancheng City. All pieces are incomplete. The clay gray pottery is plain in face, and the surface of the cylinder tile is decorated with fine cord pattern and the interior has pitted pattern (FIG. 6).

The round tile was collected in the north of the city, in the shape of a bowl, decorated with persimmon pedicle patterns, regular patterns, and knife marks on the edge. It should be made into the tile first and then used on the cylinder tile (plate 7).

The brick face is decorated with grid pattern, the bottom surface is plain, the residual length is 16, the width is 8, and the thickness is 4 cm. It should be the wall brick for the decoration of the wall (plate 8).

2. Living pottery

All of them were collected on the surface of the earth in a small quantity. Most of them were debris along the mouth or at the bottom of the vessel. The shapes and structures were mostly Li, retort and basin. Partial specimens are described as follows:

1I can be divided into two types according to the characteristics of mouth edge:

Type Ⅰ : Many fragments were found, all of which were clay gray pottery, with closed mouth, flat edge, square lip, oblique shoulder, and unknown shape of body and crotch bottom (FIG. 7).

Type Ⅱ : clay red pottery, narrow mouth, flat edge, square pointed lip, oblique shoulder, shoulder one week with two 1cm wide convex edges (FIG. 8).

Retort can be divided into two types according to the characteristics of mouth along:

Type Ⅰ : Many fragments were found and difficult to recover, all of them were clay gray pottery, slightly open mouth, flat edge, pointed round lip, oblique shoulder, shoulder with 2 girdle lines (FIG. 9).

Type Ⅱ : clay gray pottery, slightly open mouth, flat edge, round lip, mouth edge with a circumference of 2 cm of additional pile grain, uniform oblique press marks (FIG. 9, FIG. 10).

Basin mouth along with retort more difficult to distinguish, but abdomen and retort belly are obviously different. The straight mouth is slightly narrowed, the surface is convex along the arc, the shoulder is slightly bulging, and the shape of the abdomen and bottom is unknown (Figure 11).

Bean clay gray pottery, bean plate incomplete, the handle is thicker, no convex edge, bell type base. Residual height 7.5, base diameter 8.6 cm (Figure 12).

3. Other relics

The first iron arrowhead is triangular, the section of the first blade is triangular, and the collar is round. The arrowhead is 3.5 and the collar is 0.1 cm long (panel 10).

Iron forks are concave shape with curved blades, 8.9 in height, 6.8 in width, and 2.4 cm in thickness (Figure 13).

The bronze arrowheads are in the shape of three edges and three wings, with sharp edges and missing collars. They are 3.1 and 1.2 cm long and well preserved (FIG. 11).

V. Relevant understanding

This survey and drilling of Hulingcheng site is the first large-scale and complete exploration of the site, and on the basis of previous work, we have a deeper understanding of the basic situation of Hulingcheng.

1. The founding era of Huling City

There are many records of Huling City in historical records, but they focus on the evolution of the system or related to major events, but there is no ink on Huling City's construction era, shape and system, and even the record of the specific location is confused. The names of "Qiancheng (City)", "Houcheng (city)", "Chengjiao Wangzhuang", "Jimingtai" within the city site can basically delineate the general range of the city site, and from the final drilling results, it is basically consistent with the delineated range.

From the actual drilling situation, the wall structure of the north and south cities is relatively complete and exists independently with Surabaya as the boundary. In the early years, a partial excavation was carried out on the building foundation site in the southeast corner of the South City. Around the building foundation site, the slope was protected by railings and bricks. In the middle part of the brick body, ceramic inscription "" was carved in the Yin line, with a simple and simple font, translated as" Zuo ", which has obvious features of early Jin wen. The characters "Zuo Jun", "You Jun", "You Gong XX", "Zuo Gong XX" and so on are often found on the building materials unearthed at the Yanxia Capital City site in Yi County, Hebei Province. Such building materials should be produced by the government organizations such as Zuo Gong and "You Gong" and belong to the name of the construction works. It is speculated that the character "Zuo" engraved on the slope protection brick unearthed in Huling City site is similar to the character of Yanxia City, which is also the meaning of production by relevant government offices. The architectural components unearthed from the site of the high platform building at the corner of the southeast city of Nancheng, such as rail-slab brick, slab tile, cylinder tile and other fragments, all of which have fine corded texture on the surface and are mostly crossed, with pitted texture on the inner surface, obvious knife cut marks on both sides of the tiles, and unearthed tiles are plain semi-circular, which has obvious characteristics of the Warring States Period. The rammed earth walls extending on either side show obvious signs of repeated repairs.

Large scale excavation work has not yet been carried out in the North City. The contents of soil samples taken from the ground and exposed sections indicate that the construction age of the North City should be slightly later than that of the South City. On the surface of the city, there are many building components such as railings, tiles, bobbin tiles, and tile fragments unearthed only by excavation of the ditch and pond, which have obvious characteristics of the transition from the late Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty. From the exposed section of rammed earth wall, it should have been repaired for many times. The embedded shingles in the lower rammed earth are finely ornamented, with an obvious wind of the Warring States period. The embedded tiles in the later repaired rammed earth have thick corded lines, careless ornamentation, and gentle edges, with an obvious style in the Western Han Dynasty.

Therefore, it can be inferred that the construction period of the southern city of Huling City should be the Warring States Period, and that the construction period of the Northern city began from the late Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty. Records of Yutai County: "In the thirteenth year of King Xiangxiang of Chu (286 BC), Qi, Chu and Wei united to destroy the Song Dynasty, and Fanghe Yi was changed to belong to Wei. Chu in the county east set lake Ling Yi. Qin implemented the county system, within the territory of the square and, the two counties of Hu Ling. "Annals of Weishan County" : "In the twenty-ninth year of King Blush of Zhou Dynasty (286 B.C.), Chu set up Huling County and administered Huling Yup, which was the beginning of setting up county within Weishan. Qin, the territory had set Rencheng County, Lake County, Guangqi County, stay county. Although the historical records do not specify the city site clearly, they are basically corresponding to the exploration results.

2. The relationship between the North and south of Huling City

According to the exploration and excavation results, the two cities existed independently along the boundary of Surabaya, with complete city walls, moats and other facilities respectively, which was rarely seen in the city site investigation and exploration of the same period. Yanxia Capital in Hebei Province is similar in shape and system. It was around the middle period of the Warring States period and was divided into east and west cities, separated by the "Grain River". In the east city, there are many large architectural ruins, which is the main part of the city, while in the west city, there is only a wall, whose function is unclear. According to the exploration results of Huling City, the South City was earlier than the North City, which can also be confirmed from the well-preserved south and north city walls. Most of the objects found in Nancheng site are from the Warring States period, but few were found after the Warring States Period. In addition, many stone tombs of Han Dynasty in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty were found on the Southern city wall. The city wall was a military defense facility to resist foreign enemies, and tombs were found on it. It can be inferred that the Southern city had been abandoned as a county seat before the middle and late Western Han Dynasty at the latest. "Wanli thirteen years Tengxian Annals" in Chu and Han warring "Han Gaozu and Xiang Yu war in this (Huling City), each built the city. With Shahe (Surabaya) as the boundary, south of Han and north of Chu..." . According to the historical records and the actual exploration results, it is further speculated that the North City was built as a military defense because of frequent wars between the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties. Later, the South City was seriously damaged due to the war. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Xinhuling County Zhi moved to the North City, while the South City was gradually abandoned.

Before the exploration work of Huling City was carried out, it was regarded as a city. This exploration has a deeper understanding of Huling City. However, because Huling City is located in the flooded area, almost all the relics and relics are buried underground, and its special geographical environment is difficult to further analyze Huling City in a more comprehensive and in-depth way. This exploration of Huling City is the beginning of our further understanding of it, and many important questions need to be confirmed by further scientific excavations.

                       Leader: Yuan Feng Excavation: Liu Chao and Wang Liguo